The Steering Gear room (After Steering) would be manned. No. Named after a swashbuckling Union Civil War captain, the Porter was one of 175 Fletcher-class destroyers built during World War II. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, and only two days later, the German submarine U-30 sank the British ocean liner SS Athenia off the Irish coast. single-barreled gun mounts, two 40mm quad-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, three 40mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, six 20mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, 305 South River Road Baton Rouge, LA 70802. X-RAY provides the least protection. Fred M. Bush assumed command of KIDD and, temporary repairs completed, she returned to San Francisco and Hunters Point Naval Shipyard for repairs. The island-hopping campaign continued across the Pacific and KIDD continued to go in harms way. She saw action again in the Marshall Islands in January of 1944, and was the first to follow minesweepers into the lagoon at Majuro. The torch was kept in a small pot filled with diesel oil. It is set when a ship is in the harbor. Twenty of the 21 men in those spaces were instantly killed. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had died on April 12, the same day that KIDD had committed her dead to the sea. The valuable wartime contributions of the Bibb, Campbell, Duane, Ingham, and Spencer, however, did not end when they were relieved of North Atlantic convoy duty. But suddenly, there was no movement from the boat, and the Ingham passed over her without dropping any charges. She was a fine destroyer and served in WWII as a real war ship. U.S. Coast Guard Public Information Division, The Coast Guard at War: Transports and Escorts V, Vol. Finally, the third Fletcher selected was KIDD, largely due to the efforts of Harold Monning, who served aboard her during World War II, and the shipmates of the DESRON 48 Reunion Association. Both pilots were recovered and three enemy planes were shot down, with one more kill probable and hits scored on several of the remaining aircraft. As well as other tasks, most of the ships served on weather station patrols, monitoring conditions in specific areas of the Atlantic. At this point, the word would be passed Secure the Special Sea and Anchor Detail, Set the Regular Underway Watch. While at the buoys we were provided with services with some harbor craft which were referred to as fuel, water, and garbage barges operated by the Naval District. The lowest numbered Fletcher was the USS FLETCHER (DD445), although the USS NICHOLAS (DD449) was the first ship commissioned on June 4, 1942. As they neared Reykjavik on 29 January 1942, the Hamilton turned the tow over to a British tug. Pingback: Manning Fletcher Class Destroyers | Naval Historical Foundation, Pingback: Fletcher Class Destroyer Operations - Part II | Naval Historical Foundation. Screened by McNAIR (DD-679), KIDD retreated southward. While Commander McCabe was certain he had sunk a U-boat, the Navy was not convinced. He currently holds the title of Chief Marine Engineer at Marine Design Dynamics. Restored to her August, 1945 configuration, KIDD is one of the most authentic and accurate restorations in the Historic Fleet. During his 30 year naval career he held two ship commands and served a total of 8 years on naval material inspection boards, during which he conducted trials and inspections aboard over 200 naval vessels. Preparations would start several hours before getting underway, primarily down in the engineering spaces. USS The Sullivans was named after the five Sullivan brothers who were killed when USS Juneau was lost in action in mid-November 1942. The Conning Officer could be the CO, XO, or OOD. Destroyers, dubbed "tin cans" because of their lack of armor . The conning officer would then use an appropriate combination of rudder, engines, and lines to get the ship underway. On July 03, 1997, KIDDs torpedo tubes were reloaded for the first time since 1964, finishing out her full armament. 1 (Washington, DC, 1949). The real-life clash that may have inspired the duel in the book happened on November 1, 1943 between the USS Borie and U-boat U-405. The next step depended on how we were moored. The nine ships came from three yards as follows: l spent over a year on the USS TINGEY (DD539). 4. In 1941, the US Navy began building a fleet of large destroyers, its first design to rival the Japanese "special type" destroyers that had first entered service more than a decade before. The Admirals nickname at the Naval Academy had been Cap (as in Captain Kidd) and he had gone by this nickname his entire life. The character's first name was changed for the movie. In my previous two articles (read Part 1 here, read Part 2 here) I gave technical and manning overviews of the U.S. Navys highly successful Fletcher class destroyer. These conditions refer to degrees of closure to minimize the effects of potential damage. Charles A. Bellis coming aboard as commanding officer. 5. The bomb carried by the kamikaze was catapulted through the ship and out the other side where it detonated just seconds later. "It was a shallow charge, and as that thing exploded, the ship quivered, really quivered," Sasso said. Also in early 1942, Secretary cutters began running a convoy shuttle as part of U.S. Navy Task Force 24. My first 11 years in the Navy were spent in Japan. The strategy that the Allies used was to send a group of merchant ships across the Atlantic in a convoy that was escorted by a group of warships, and, when feasible, aircraft. She saw her first duty covering the North Atlantic sea lanes near Argentia, Newfoundland. A second 36 searchlight was obtained from a private estate in 1985. The Pirates were one of the first tin cansdestroyersto have their very own ice cream machine, something usually reserved for the larger vessels of the fleet. During Operation War Dance in December of that year, KIDD cruised at 10 knots around the harbor at Wonsan, drawing the fire of enemy shore batteries in order to reveal their positions. By December, at least six convoys were simultaneously in the North Atlantic, and the available escort ships were not enough to stop the U-boats' slaughter. During World War II, the Atlantic Coast destroyers would probably be at battle stations with Material Condition Zebra set by the time that they cleared the submarine net. During this time, KIDD was credited with having rescued a total of 35 carrier personnel. Once this was accomplished, the OOD would pass the order to stand by to answer all bells to the engine room and them report ready to get underway to the CO. The entire process of raising steam was started by making up a burner, igniting the torch with a match, inserting it into the furnace, and opening the fuel valve. In the United States, The Sullivans at Buffalo, Kidd (beautifully restored to late-World War II configuration) at Baton Rouge, and Cassin Young, berthed across the pier from the frigate USS Constitution at the Boston Navy Yard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, are open to the public. About once per quarter we would be assigned an availability alongside a Destroyer Tender for routine repairs. The Fletcher design permitted significant increases over preceding classes in hull, armament, machinery, ammunition, stores and fuel bunkerage. Harry G. Moore coming aboard in his stead. At that time, there was still an uneasy tradition that having a woman aboard a naval ship was to invite bad luck. The KIDD would become the only vessel in the history of the United States Navy to ever have such leave granted to fly the flag of piracy. Meanwhile, medium-size Coast Guard cutters and U.S. Navy destroyers covered waters closer inshore. A sister ship of the Fletcher-class, USS CAPERTON (DD-650), provided the quintuple Mk-14 21-inch torpedo tubes that were missing, as well as a Mk-27 torpedo director, two Mk-63 gun directors, and her boat boom. While 19 were lost and six damaged beyond repair, 44 earned ten or more service stars, 19 were awarded the Navy Unit Commendation and 16 received the Presidential Unit Citation. Since 1975 all new destroyer, cruiser, and frigate types have been powered by aircraft derivative gas turbine engines. My own ship, the USS Halsey Powell (DD 686) had been struck by a Kamikaze while escorting the carrier USS Hancock (CV 19) off Okinawa in 1945. Only one plane drew close enough to drop a bomb: it missed, detonating about twenty feet off the starboard bow. The Fletcher-class destroyer, the dominant destroyer of WW II, was named for him. Normally the crew stood duty on one day out of every three. Destroyers have been called upon to perform a wide variety of duties. Among those seriously wounded in the attack were the ships commander and the ships doctor, Dr. Broox C. Garrett, Jr. Chief Engineer Lt. (jg) George P. Grieshaber was among those killed in the forward boiler room after having gone below to check on a leaking gauge. That task accomplished, KIDD departed Philadelphia, arriving under tow at Baton Rouge on May 23, 1982, to a welcoming crowd of over ten thousand. Under the command of Cdr. The edition of TIME magazine that week carried a photo of KIDD, announcing that it had been one hundred years since the Jolly Roger had flown in New York Harbor. The officer of the deck, Lieutenant Ed Osborne nevertheless ordered a depth charge dropped. Acting as a member of a screen as part of a carrier task group against air, surface, and subsurface attack. Was on DD650 for 4 years right out of boot camp I am now ret USN MSC you in 76 there is not a day that goes by that I dont think of the best year s of my life I am now 77and I wish I could do it all again when the good Lord takes me I hope he will put me on the USS C APERTON DD650, Pingback: The George Stewart I Knew | Naval Historical Foundation. During the attack on Rabaul, KIDD stopped to pick up the crew of a downed plane from the ESSEX, falling behind the main force of the fleet, and came under attack from a group of eight Japanese dive bombers. She provided escort for the carrier task force which launched air raids on Wake Island in October of 1943 and then again, in November, for the carriers ESSEX (CV-9), BUNKER HILL (CV-17), and INDEPENDENCE (CV-22) in strikes against Rabaul and Bougainville. All rights reserved. 10. From there, they picked up an outbound convoy and battered their way west to Newfoundland. The days of surface to surface torpedo attacks had pretty well gone away, although we still retained that capability. The disabled cutter, meanwhile, was towed to Newfoundland for repairs. While I did not serve in a Fletcher class destroyer, I did serve in a FRAM II destroyer, the USS ROWAN DD-782. Enter the Fletcher Class. The Spencer and five of her 327-foot Secretary-class sisters helped keep the supply lifeline between North America and Britain open during the Battle of the Atlantic. She was my first, and my favorite ship. The Fletcher class including The Sullivans are regarded as the backbone of the navy and know to be the best destroyer in the world. The Fletcher class destroyer is one of the most famous and most produced warships developed and built for the US navy in WW2. Allan Roby was reassigned at this time, with Cdr. For the Leyte landings in October 1944, all nine ships operated with the Third Fleets Logistic Group. Robert E. Jeffery, KIDD sailed for the western Pacific arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, in July. Again, the terms is and was are used interchangeably in this article. On deck it was necessary to disconnect all shore services, pick up the ships boats, remove rat guards, and a variety of other actions, including preparing an anchor for dropping in an emergency. KIDD was decommissioned for the last time on June 19, 1964, after over twenty years of service. In 1945, the seven ships remaining in the war zone participated in the Iwo Jima operation. A member of the Duane's crew, Victor Bogard, remembered that "Whenever a shell exploded on the German submarine, many crew members would shout and cheer. Jenkins was placed in reserve following the end of the war, until 1951, when the ship was reactivated for the Korean War. DD 522 : Diary of a destroyer Surels, Ron Books dealing with this subject include: 200,000 Miles Aboard the Destroyer Cotten, Robinson, C. Snelling, 1999 Rescuing downed pilots, fighting off suicidal attacks, destroying floating mines, and giving early warning to the fleet of approaching enemy aircraft, KIDD participated in a naval siege which would see the greatest losses ever suffered by the United States Navy. Today, USS KIDD is moored in the Mississippi River in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the centerpiece of the USS Kidd Veterans Museum. Still, 80 percent of Allied convoys completed the journey safely. In August of 1943, she transited the Panama Canal along with three other destroyers providing escort for USS ALABAMA (BB-60) and SOUTH DAKOTA (BB-57) and proceeded to Pearl Harbor. "The contact was fast; there was a lot of motion, a lot of movement," he recalled. As a torpedoed merchant ship goes down in February 1943, the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Spencer searches for the attacking U-boat. This would be followed by Now Set Material Condition Yoke Throughout the Ship followed by The Officer of the Deck is Shifting his Watch from the Quarterdeck to the Bridge. While at San Diego, Cdr. ; The Navy, page 115, 2000, Naval Historical Foundation, Washington. Next. On April 30, Cdr. CAPT John M. Waters, USCG (Ret. With no injuries to the crew, the damage was repaired and the ship was underway again on May 11, 1953. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau argued that turning over just the ships would result in logistical and administrative chaos. NHF has decommissioned and is no longer accepting new members or donations. Today, USS KIDD is moored in the Mississippi River in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the centerpiece of the USS Kidd Veterans Museum. Pilots were only used when absolutely necessary in a strange port and most maneuvers were accomplished without tug assistance. It seemed like there was always something going on out there in those days and port visits were few and far between. They would pick up an eastbound convoy from a Canadian escort group, protect it through storms and U-boats, and then turn it over to a British escort group off Ireland. Mr. Walling served as a commissioned and a senior petty officer in the Coast Guard and is the author of Bloodstained Sea: The U.S. Coast Guard in the Battle of the Atlantic, 1941-1944 (New York: International Marine/McGraw-Hill, 2004). Detached from bombardment duty, KIDD was ordered to convey an Admiral to Pusan at flank speed. Without waiting for Bruns' order, the U-boat's engineer gave the command to surface. However, the Navy had other ideas and I ended up on the east coast in Florida. gun mounts were still in place. was one of some notoriety. Jurgen Rohwer and Gerhard Hummelchen, The Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939-1945, rev. No. In 1959, KIDD was transferred to the Atlantic Fleet. About 12 of the enlisted men were Chief Petty Officers. The peacetime manning was 14 officers and 236 enlisted men. But with the advent of suicide tactics by the Japanese, destroyers on escort duty faced an even greater peril than before. Not long afterward, KIDD saw action at Tarawa during the Gilbert Island invasion in November of 1943. At 1138, U-175 popped up 2,500 yards from the Spencer, and the cutter's gunners opened fire. Twelve members of the U-boat's 47-man crew were rescued by the Campbell and Burza. David W. Taylor, attached to a task force striking the Bonin Islands meanwhile, sustained an underwater explosion, probably a mine, and also went home. There were also fueling stops at Midway and sometimes Guam. As the cutter neared the target, however, Sasso lost the contact. The raids that developed that day werent out of the ordinary, in spite of the fact that three approaching formations of enemy aircraft were reported. The KIDDs first voyage was one of some notoriety. In May 1942, before the first Fletcher was even commissioned, it approved a six-gun ship in which the Fletchers five 5-inch single mounts were replaced with three 5-inch twinsthe 2,200-ton Allen M. Sumner class, with 20 per cent more firepower on a Fletcher hull widened by 14 inches. All USN ships are worthy of their tails of history while securing the waters they sail and for protecting all of freedoms we so take for granted every day. KIDD sounded the warning to the rest of the fleet and opened fire, downing two of the attackers. The cutters would then usually escort fully loaded ships from either an SC or HX convoy back to Iceland. The 2,050-ton Fletcher -Class destroyer was considered one of the best destroyers of the period. With the outbreak of the Korean Conflict, many destroyers were recalled to service and also served in Atlantic . Communications would be established with all vital stations, steering gear, alarms, whistle and engine order telegraph tested, radar, sonar, and fathometer in operation, and compasses checked. Commissioned back into service on March 28 of that year under the command of Cdr. For six days the ships battled heavy seas. She returned to bombardment duty and rescuing downed pilots. It is instead based on author C. S. Forester's 1955 novel The Good Shepherd. Ships' logs, war diaries, and after-action reports for the Coast Guard cutters: USS Bibb, Campbell, Duane, Alexander Hamilton, Ingham, and Spencer; National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereinafter cited as NARA). Under her new commander, KIDD returned to battle during the invasion of the Philippines in October and November. From tax deductible donations to your time and skills, there are many ways you can contribute! . Construction (top) and disposition following World War II (bottom). Four B&W three-drum boilers (565 psi @ 850 F), Two sets of General Electric geared turbines (60,000 hp total), five 5"/38-cal. Enemy planes, spotting smoke from the crippled destroyer, attempted to finish her off. David W. Taylor returned to join them in time for Okinawa, after which she and John D. Henley closed out the war with the Third Fleet off Japan while the other surviving ships of the squadron returned home. The Coast Guard would man 30 DEs, organized in five escort divisions, and 74 PFs, primarily assigned to weather-station duty. On 12 June 1944, a new Gearing -class destroyer, USS Chevalier (DD 805) was laid downlike the 451, the third ship of her class from Bath Iron Works. There would have been no American soldiers for D-Day, and in turn, no D-Day and no victory.Germany used squadrons of U-boats known as wolf packs, in addition to various warships, to prowl the Atlantic Ocean and hunt down and attack Allied convoys, which is what they do to the convoy Commander Krause's ships are protecting in the Greyhound movie. Each compartment has been treated as a display case into which innumerable artifacts have been collected and arranged just as they would have been when sailors lived and worked on board. Not all of the latter 1950s involved Cold War tensions. The skipper reported to the task force commander: KIDD claims to be the best prepared ship in the Navy. Two days earlier, while helping escort eight ships from Iceland to a rendezvous with westbound ONS-152, the cutter had dropped a single 600-pound depth charge on a sound contact. We had a victim already strapped in the stretcher when he was wounded.. By February, organization of the ocean escorts had been formalized into American, British, and Canadian groups. YOKE is an intermediate level of protection that is set when the ship is under normal underway cruise conditions. During this era, no other class of destroyer had more ships built. Copyright 2011-2022 Naval Historical Foundation. Naval Institute is maintaining and preserving the former Naval Historical Foundation website so readers and former NHF members can still access past issues of Pull Together and other content. Required fields are marked *. The plant has to be started up from the Central Control Station below decks, but once it is ready for operation throttle control can be transferred to the bridge. On March 19, 1945, the carrier USS FRANKLIN (CV-13) suffered a devastating hit which touched off gasoline and ammunition explosions and claimed 724 lives. The working part of the torch consisted of a rag wrapped around the end of the handle and secured by wire. In need of repairs and shore leave for her crew, KIDD returned to Pearl Harbor in August of 1944. The deck divisions would man the line handling stations with the First Lieutenant and Chief Boatswains Mate on the Forecastle and the Gunnery Officer in charge on the fantail. As well as other tasks, most of the ships served on weather station patrols, monitoring conditions in specific areas of the Atlantic. In spite of being injured himself, Executive Officer Lt. B.H. The Coast Guard assigned numerous vessels, including six of the seven Secretary- (or Treasury-) class cuttersthe Bibb, Campbell, Duane (WPG-33), Alexander Hamilton (WPG-34), Ingham (WPG-35), and Spencer (WPG-36)to the force. This action won her skipper at the time, Cdr. The lone suicide bomber crashed into her forward boiler room killing everyone inside. years the big cutters would play a key role in the United States' efforts to patrol the Atlantic Ocean, escort convoys, and sink U-boats. The night was overcast with the seas running six to eight feet as the Campbell went to general quarters. A second 36 searchlight was obtained from a private estate in 1985. The Navy, however, did not have enough ships to watch the vast area effectively and immediately asked for Coast Guard assistance. The navigator would be responsible for ensuring that the ship remained on its desired track and making appropriate recommendations to the CO/OOD. At the end of the year, DesDiv 101 continued on to Luzon, where Haraden was again damaged while escorting a carrier task force in the Sulu Sea and again returned to the West Coast for repairs. Tying up alongside the destroyer tender HAMUL (AD-20), the crew began to make temporary repairs. If we were backing out of a slip you would hear a prolonged blast on the whistle. Acting as a rescue destroyer (Plane Guard). Dan Van der Vat, The Atlantic Campaign (New York: Harper & Row, 1988). Two months later, she was involved in a show of force off the coast of the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean, which had just overthrown the Trujillo dictatorship. During World War II, the Atlantic Coast destroyers would probably be at battle stations with Material Condition Zebra set by the time that they cleared the submarine net. Full right rudder was ordered, and the cutter closed to ram the submarine. Tom Hanks portrays Naval Commander Ernest Krause (named George Krause in the book), who after years of being a career officer is finally given command of a destroyer, the USS Keeling, whose radio codename is "Greyhound." Allan B. Roby, the destroyer moved across New York Harbor for delivery to the Brooklyn Naval Shipyards . Logistically, moving approximately 40 ships as a cohesive unit was anything but easy. Later emphasis on anti-aircraft defense led to a redesigned or square bridge for improved all-around sightlines, beginning with Brownson (DD 518). 6. But the rules of warfare are: Kill or be killed.". On 5 September, as Bibb and Campbell raced toward their rendezvous, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had declared a Neutrality Zone along the East Coast of the United States. In 1975, KIDD was deemed unfit for further service and was stricken from the naval list of vessels. All five 5/38-cal. There were 39 casualties and extensive damage in the after part of the ship. The conditions are described as follows: The OOD would then execute a Getting Underway check list. Along with the Duane, the Spencer rescued 41 of U-175's 54-man crew. Deployments were six months in length followed by a six month period in the US, about half of which was spent underway in various fleet exercises off the West Coast. Destroyer Squadron 51
Robert E. Jeffery, KIDD sailed for the western Pacific arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, in July. This areaknown as the Devil's Gorge, the Black Hole, or Torpedo Junctionwas a prime hunting ground for U-boats. [3] 27 2023 . She is a Fletcher-class destroyer and is named after Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, the first US flag officer to die during the Second World War. Bush fulfilled one of his promises to the crew upon taking command at Ulithi: the pirate, which had been ordered painted over in late 44, was restored to the Number One stack. Bennett (DD 473) lays stack and chemical smoke in the Shortland Islands, 1944. off Korea in the 1950s and some even off Vietnam in the 60s, she was condemned in 2010 as a derelict and hazard to navigation and scrapped in 20102011. Though the book's story is fictional, it was heavily researched and takes place at the midpoint of World War II during the Battle of the Atlantic in the winter of 1942. The Admirals nickname at the Naval Academy had been Cap (as in Captain Kidd) and he had gone by this nickname his entire life. She rests in a unique docking system designed for the near forty foot rise and fall of the river each season. She continued rescue operations all the while maneuvering to avoid bombs and airborne torpedoes while simultaneously engaging the enemy. Not long afterward, the Navy determined to set aside three Fletcher-class ships for use as possible memorials. Allied Warships Destroyers Fletcher class 175 ships The destroyer USS Saufley (DD 465) of the US Navy . Thus there were two groups of 2,100-tonners: one-third (58) were high- or round-bridge ships; two-thirds, (117) were low- or square-bridge ships. USS Fletcher (DD 445) of the 175-ship 2,100-ton Fletcher class was an outstanding example of promise fulfilled. The movie's fictional incident is based on an event that unfolds in The Good Shepherd book from which the film was adapted. Six 25-man balsa life rafts were located in Seal Beach, California. While in the shipyards, Cdr. USS The Sullivans (DD-537) The USS Sullivans was a long-range, large destroyer used for anti-submarine warfare, anti-aircraft warfare, and surface action. She was placed in the Philadelphia Shipyard to await her final fate, one that befell so many of her sister ships: the cutting torch. This action won her skipper at the time, Cdr. USS Halsey Powell backs away from a pier in Subic Bay. While her sonar crews were attempting to verify the contact, lookouts spotted 15 low-flying enemy torpedo bombers which were headed toward the large troopships carrying thousands of Marines who would soon be storming the beaches. A 36 searchlight and platform, a Mk-12/22 fire-control radar antenna, four more K-guns, and several smaller items were salvaged from USS TOLMAN (DD-740/DM-28) prior to her disposal by the Navy as a target ship. Now, on the eve of impending war, the U.S. was ready to take destroyer design to the next level. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1987). Heres how to join! By early 1942, U-boats had begun to wreak havoc directly off the east coast of North and South America, easily picking off merchant ships that were poorly defended. The part of Greyhound that's based on a true story is the Battle of the Atlantic, in which the fictional USS Keelingbecomes involved. On July 03, 1997, KIDDs torpedo tubes were reloaded for the first time since 1964, finishing out her full armament. The latter part of 1958 saw her engaged in a similar role patrolling the straits between Formosa (Taiwan) and mainland China while international tempers flared over the Chinese bombardment of the offshore islands of Quemoy and Matsu. Dd-679 ), KIDD sailed for the last time on June 19, 1964 finishing! Gas turbine engines an outbound convoy and battered their way west to Newfoundland the night was overcast the... 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To minimize the effects of potential damage FRAM II destroyer, attempted finish.