2004;128(2):23747. The percentage of spermatozoa with an average path velocity greater than 20m/s were considered as motile and those with a straight-line velocity more than 40m/s were recorded as showing progressive motility. [35] showed that salivary OXT concentrations were related to libido in boars used in AI programs. 1987;120(3):98694. In this matter, the role of SP-OXT could be to stimulate the secretion of prostaglandin E2 by the endometrium of sows [49], which has immunosuppressive activity and, therefore, contributes to creating a tolerogenic environment in the uterus [29]. Finally, 10L of donor beads (20g/mL) was added to each well and the plates incubated at RT in darkness for 30min. Boars with positive farrowing rate deviation showed ejaculates with higher (P<0.05) SP concentrations of OXT (meanSEM; 21.944.24ng/mL) than boars with negative farrowing rate deviation (9.040.82ng/mL) (Fig. 2017;14(1):6981. Number of intrapartum stillborn piglets per litter with various variables born to control and oxytocin-treated sows. CAS (Oxytocin Injection, USP) Boars with positive and negative litter size deviation did not showed differences in the SP concentrations of OXT (13.693.30ng/mL vs 12.772.51ng/mL) (Fig. Boars were grouped (hierarchical clustering, P<0.001) into three groups by having positive (green), without (grey) or negative (red) deviation. Don't force A. In addition to systemic oxytocin, the peptide is also made locally within the testis, and possibly also the epididymis and prostate. An oxytocic agent is any drug that can speed up the process of childbirth. Careers. 1994;140(1):6372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.04.003. Lefevre A, Mottolese R, Dirheimer M, Mottolese C, Duhamel J-R, Sirigu A. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Some women worry that using Pitocin will result in more painful labor. PubMed 2018;17(3):106576. For example in one study, 75% of stillbirths were recorded after the 8th pig was born when sows were allowed to farrow without intervention. This is known as augmentation of labor. Biol Reprod. It could be postulated that the local action of OXT would be more active in the accessory glands (adds volume to ejaculates) than in the epididymis (adds sperm to ejaculates). For medical advice about adverse reactions contact your medical professional. Although there is evidence that mammalian sperm cells have OXTR (stallion: [40]), suggesting that SP-OXT could modulate sperm functionality, our results and the aforementioned studies would indicate otherwise, by less seminal OXT would not a major influence in sperm parameters as relevant as motility, membrane integrity or lipid peroxidation. A total of 72 SP samples were collected for OXT measurement from ejaculates of 18 Landrace (n=13) and Large White (n=5) boars (four ejaculates per boar) over 12-month period (one SP sample per boar every four mos. Although improper use of oxytocin has potentially negative implications, it also can be beneficial to the farrowing process to stimulate uterine contractions and prevent stillbirths in older sows. Artificial insemination (AI) is the most widespread and effective reproductive technology for the production and genetic improvement of pigs worldwide [1,2,3]. Management consists of immediate discontinuation of oxytocin and symptomatic and supportive therapy. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009241.pub3, Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S, Herrlich A. Theriogenology. 2018 Oct;80(10):e22871. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-10-0092. 2019;137:3642. This activation would lead to an increase in myometrial contractions facilitating the passive transport of spermatozoa to the utero-tubal junction thus increasing the total amount of potentially fertilizing spermatozoa in the oviductal reservoirs [28]. Oxytocin and vasopressin expression in the ovine testis and epididymis: changes with the onset of spermatogenesis. All Rights Reserved | No part of this site may be reproduced without permission. Anim Reprod. Even with proper administration and adequate supervision, hypertonic contractions can occur in patients whose uteri are hypersensitive to oxytocin. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162958. Anim Reprod Sci. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006794.pub4. Domest Anim Endocrinol. This hypothesis would be supported by the in vitro experiments carried out by Bodanszky et al. As a medication, it is used to cause contraction of the uterus to start labor, increase the speed of labor, and to stop bleeding following delivery. Multiparous patients. The percentage of viable spermatozoa exhibiting high plasma membrane fluidity (H-42+/ Yo-Pro-1/M-540+) was recorded. [36], who found that youngest boars had higher salivary OXT concentrations. (Oxytocin Injection, USP) Pitocin is a hormone that is used to induce labor or strengthen uterine contractions, or to control bleeding after childbirth. From each ejaculate, a semen sample of 5mL was centrifugated twice at room temperature at change to: 1,500 g for 10min (RT, Rotofix 32A, Hettich Centrifuge UK, Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England, UK). Cern JJ, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Escribano D, Martnez-Mir S, Lpez-Martnez MJ, Ortn-Bustillo A, Franco-Martnez L, Rubio CP, Muoz-Prieto A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Lpez-Arjona M, Martnez-Subiela S, Tecles F. BMC Vet Res. This is done in the following way. Andrologia. The second experiment intended to find out if SP-OXT concentrations were related to the age of boars and ejaculate characteristics and if they influenced sperm parameters from diluted semen samples stored at liquid state, such as those used in AI programs. However, recent research has shown that oxytocin use can increase the number of pigs stillborn when used too early in the birth process. Some of the above empirical studies found that the supplementation of AI-doses with OXT also improved litter size in addition to farrowing rates [31, 33, 34]. A Procedure for Oxytocin Measurement in Hair of Pig: Analytical Validation and a Pilot Application. Theriogenology. 2015;47(2):20913. Differences in the ability of spermatozoa from individual boar ejaculates to withstand different semen-processing techniques. There are several methods to encourage labor, but in medical settings, one of the most commonly used is the drug Pitocin. I mean, don't trust me. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. This project was supported by MICINN and FEDER [AGL201679096-R and PID2020-113493RB-I00] Madrid (Spain), Seneca Foundation [19892/GERM/15] Murcia (Spain), European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019-891382). The Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the SP concentrations of OXT were correlated with ejaculate volume (R=0.46; P<0.01) and proportions of viable spermatozoa showing both high ROS generation (R=0.34; P<0.05) and high plasma membrane fluidity (R=0.35; P<0.05) in the semen samples analyzed at 0h of liquid storage (AdditionalFile1). The SP samples were stored in 3mL-cryotubes at 80C (Ultra Low Freezer; Haier Inc., Qingdao, China) until OXT measurement. Briefly, 5L-aliquots of diluted semen samples were placed in a Makler chamber (Sefi Medical Instruments, Haifa, Israel) pre-warmed at 38C. For this purpose, it is given by injection either into a muscle or into a vein. Theriogenology. Manjarn R, Kirkwood RN, Ngula J, Martinez-Pastor F, Alegre B, Domnguez JC. The SP-OXT concentrations were expressed in ng/mL. That said, Pitocin does make contractions stronger, which may translate into stronger pain. Pitocin is a nonapeptide found in pituitary extracts from mammals. I. Dosage form: injection Llavanera M, Delgado-Bermdez A, Mateo-Otero Y, Padilla L, Romeu X, Roca J, et al. Maternal deaths due to hypertensive episodes, subarachnoid hemorrhage, rupture of the uterus, and fetal deaths due to various causes have been reported associated with the use of parenteral oxytocic drugs for induction of labor or for augmentation in the first and second stages of labor. Lpez-Arjona M, Escribano D, Mateo SV, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Rubio CP, Tecles F, Cern JJ, Martnez-Subiela S. Res Vet Sci. While oxytocin PubMed Central Oxytocin is the hormone that naturally induces labor. These properties are thought to be due to the fact that oxytocin and vasopressin differ in regard to only two of the eight amino acids (see PRECAUTIONS section). 2011;(7):CD007123. or Intramuscular Injection, oxytocin, mifepristone, Methergine, Hemabate, carboprost, Cervidil, Mifeprex, methylergonovine, Syntocinon, dinoprostone topical. Quick facts about labor induction. Severe water intoxication with convulsions and coma has occurred, associated with a slow oxytocin infusion over a 24-hour period. 4C). Where there is significant cephalopelvic disproportion; In unfavorable fetal positions or presentations, such as transverse lies, which are undeliverable without conversion prior to delivery; In obstetrical emergencies where the benefit-to-risk ratio for either the fetus or the mother favors surgical intervention; In fetal distress where delivery is not imminent; Where adequate uterine activity fails to achieve satisfactory progress; Where the uterus is already hyperactive or hypertonic; In cases where vaginal delivery is contraindicated, such as invasive cervical carcinoma, active herpes genitalis, total placenta previa, vasa previa, and cord presentation or prolapse of the cord; In patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. Synthetic Vet Q. For many reasons, such as an enthusiasm for a specific birth plan and/or medication-free childbirth, some women may perceive using Pitocin as a failure or disappointment. Available for Android and iOS devices. Oxytocin is frequently used to decrease farrowing time and birth interval as an aid to prevent stillbirths. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory 2018;53(S2):1801. 4B). Ungefroren H, Davidoff M, Ivell R. Post-transcriptional block in oxytocin gene expression within the seminiferous tubules of the bovine testis. Following intravenous administration of oxytocin, uterine response occurs almost immediately and subsides within 1 hour. It is convenient to piggyback the Pitocin infusion on a physiologic electrolyte solution, permitting the Pitocin infusion to be stopped abruptly without interrupting the electrolyte infusion. Lpez-Arjona M, Padilla L, Roca J, Cern JJ, Martnez-Subiela S. Ejaculate collection influences the salivary oxytocin concentrations in breeding male pigs. Google Scholar. Although the specific components of SP involved in these reproductive events have not yet been fully identified, proteins and peptides would be among the major contributors [8]. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2014;85(1):814. After this incubation time, 26L of Merocyanine 540 (M-540, 0.1mmol/L in DMSO) was added to each semen sample and incubated for at 38C in darkness another 2min. Certainly, the complex composition of SP together with its essential roles for sperm function as well as in the successful reproductive performance of female genital tract, make SP a valuable source for eventual male fertility biomarkers [9,10,11,12]. If uterine contractions become too powerful, the infusion can be abruptly stopped, and oxytocic stimulation of the uterine musculature will soon wane (see.